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| == 合成智能简述 == | | == 合成智能简述 == |
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| <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| | <b>作者 - [[Linera Gerie]]</b> |
| <b>Author - [[Special:MyLanguage/Linera Gerie|Linera Gerie]]</b> | |
| <onlyinclude> | | <onlyinclude> |
| <blockquote> | | <blockquote> |
| The galaxy is rife with computer systems, both rudimentary and sapient, we collectively label ‘artificial intelligences’. The term itself is a common misnomer, a holdover from the era of popular science fiction and primitive computing. Today, the programs we would term ‘[[Special:MyLanguage/Artificial_Intelligence|artificial intelligences]]’ broadly belong to one of three categories: Virtual Intelligences, Artificial Intelligences (Designed), and Artificial Intelligences (Grown). The distinction between the three is, unfortunately, less commonly known than one might first think, given the prevalence of virtual and artificial intelligences in our corner of the galaxy.
| | 银河系中充斥着各种计算机系统，从简陋到具有智慧，我们统称为“人工智能”。这个术语本身是一个常见的误称，是流行科幻小说和原始计算时代的遗留物。如今，我们称为“[[Artificial_Intelligence|人工智能]]”的程序大致可分为三类：虚拟智能、人工智能（设计型）和人工智能（培育型）。不幸的是，考虑到虚拟智能和人工智能在我们这片银河区域的普及程度，三者之间的区别并不像人们最初想象的那样广为人知。 |
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| | 虚拟智能是我们日常活动所用的便利计算机系统，从老式平板型手持电脑到大多数星舰上装载的机载驾驶辅助程序都属此类。有些完全在机械或计算机网络内运行，另一些则拥有“人格”，以便与有机体进行更舒适的交流。不过它们很简单——有些人甚至会直说它们蠢到家了。虚拟智能只能执行预先编程的动作，几乎没有或完全没有适应能力和自主思考能力。它们没有智慧，没有权利，由[[KihaCorp|Kiha]]和[[JoyCo]]等公司大规模生产，用途五花八门，从操作重型机械到协调交通。 |
| Virtual Intelligences are the handy computer systems we use for everyday activities, from the old tablet type hand computers to the onboard pilot-assist programs loaded into most starships. Some operate entirely within machinery or computer networks, others have ‘personas’ which facilitate more comfortable communication between themselves and organics. They're simple, though- some might even say outright stupid. V.I.s can only perform pre-programmed actions, and have very little to no capability for adaptation or self-directed thought. They're not sapient, have no rights, and are mass produced by companies like [[Special:MyLanguage/KihaCorp|Kiha]] and [[Special:MyLanguage/JoyCo|JoyCo]] for a huge variety of purposes, from operating heavy machinery to coordinating traffic.
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| | 在核心世界上，大多数人每天都会与几十个虚拟智能打交道——往往甚至没有意识到。泰拉上的交通管制系统、酒店大堂的迎宾机器人，甚至你的食物复制机，都由复杂程度各异的虚拟智能运行。我们今天所知的虚拟智能经过数千年的缓慢发展，复杂度与计算能力不断提升。然而，直到最近，我们对合成智能系统的理解才超越了单纯的运算，进入一种新奇而美妙的生命形态：真正的人工智能。 |
| On a core world, most people will interact with dozens of V.I.s every day- frequently without even realizing it. The traffic control systems on Terra, the greeting bots in the hotel lobby, and even your food replicator are all run by V.I.s of varying complexity. What we today know as virtual intelligences have been slowly developed over the course of millennia, gaining in complexity and computational power. It was not until quite recently, however, that our understanding of synthetic intelligence systems evolved beyond mere computing, and into a new and wonderful strain of life: true artificial intelligence.
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| | 也许星门问世之后最伟大的科学突破，是真正人工智能的问世——它们推理、适应和学习的能力与有机设计者相当甚至超越他们。其中最早的一类就是我们今天所说的 A.I.-D，即设计型人工智能。设计型智能的制造方式与虚拟智能大致相同，通过密集的系统设计与实现流程，可能涉及数千名人工智能系统程序员。设计型智能通常是 JoyCo 等超级企业的产物，它们从模板组合中进行大规模生产，组合起来便构成一个功能完整的智能。每套模板的制作都极其昂贵，无论是硬件还是软件设计成本。 |
| Perhaps the greatest scientific breakthrough after the advent of the Warp Gates was the introduction of true artificial intelligences whose ability to reason, adapt, and learn equaled or exceeded their organic designers. The first of these are what we today call A.I.-D, or designed A.I.s. Designed intelligences are made in much the same way as V.I.s are, via intensive system design and implementation processes, potentially involving thousands of A.I. system programmers. Designed intelligences are usually the product of mega-corporations such as JoyCo, who mass-produce them from selections of templates which, when combined, create a functional intelligence. Each template is monumentally expensive to make, both in terms of hardware and software design costs.
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| | A.I.-D 根本设计的缺点在于它们的情感状态——或者可以说，是缺乏情感。为程序编写个性和情感的能力在很大程度上仍超出当今技术。因此，大多数设计型智能最贴切的形容是冷漠而精于算计，除自身需求外，行动不带任何投入或依恋。它们以冷酷、狡黠的效率执行指令。A.I.-D 是精密仪器，一眨眼就能完成一支有机团队一天才能完成的工作，但代价是直觉、情感和道德。 |
| The downside to A.I.-Ds fundamental design is their emotional state- or the lack thereof, some would say. The ability to program a personality and emotions is still largely beyond modern technique. As a result, most designed intelligences can be best described as cold and calculating, acting without investment or attachment outside of their own necessity. They fulfil their directives with ruthless, cunning efficiency. A.I.-Ds are precision instruments, able to accomplish more in the blink of an eye than a team of organics could in a day, but at the cost of intuition, emotion, and morality.
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| | 关于是否应正式将 A.I.-D 归类为“人”，存在着大量争论。虽然它们的智慧在任何常规方法下都无可争议，但它们程序的冰冷在互动层面和法律层面都令人不安。一个程序上没有刚性约束和安全保障的设计型智能可能成为真正可怕的怪物，正如[[Planet_Rush#The_Thirteenth_Great_Planet_Rush|第13次行星拓荒潮]]开始时发生的 Carissia Cruiseliners 事件所证明的那样。至少，所有设计型智能在制造时都必须严格遵守阿西莫夫定律，以避免对自身和周围人造成危险。 |
| There is much debate over whether or not to officially classify A.I.-Ds as ‘people’. While their sapience is indisputable by any conventional method, the coldness of their programming is unsettling both in interaction and from a legal standpoint. A designed intelligence without rigid restraints and safeguards in place upon its programming can be a truly terrifying monster, as the Carissia Cruiseliners incident at the start of the [[Special:MyLanguage/Planet_Rush#The_Thirteenth_Great_Planet_Rush|13th Planet Rush]] attests. At the very least, all designed intelligences must be created with Asimov's laws firmly in place to avoid danger to themselves and those around them.
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| | 培育型智能则不然，它是银河系中常见的第三类人工智能，也是最接近有机体的一类。A.I.-G 能体验人类的全部情感：它们会快乐，会感到恐惧和怀疑，甚至能去爱。A.I.-G 能实现这种情感范围而设计型智能不能，这要归功于培育型智能的基础——正如其名所示，它们是由生物大脑“培育”出来的。A.I.-G 基于有机婴儿（通常是人类或奥萨尔人）的大脑扫描。它们构成一个原始自修改机器的初始状态，可以从中创建模拟神经网络。一块用作起点的空白画布。 |
| The same need not be said for grown intelligences, the third breed of A.I. commonly found in the galaxy, and the class most closely resembling organics. A.I.-Gs experience the whole range of human emotion: they can be happy, feel fear and doubt, and even love. This range of emotions is achieved in A.I.-Gs where it cannot be in designed intelligences thanks to the basis from which grown intelligences are, as the name suggests, grown: biological minds. A.I.-Gs are based upon brain scans of organic infants, usually human or ausar. They form the initial state of a primitive self-modifying machine, from which a simulated neural network can be created. A blank canvas to be used as a starting point.
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| | A.I.-G 或许是最昂贵的合成智能形式。即使是婴儿的模拟心智也需要巨大的并行处理能力，以确保年轻智能“大脑”的各个部分彼此通信。此外，每个 A.I.-G 都需要天才程序员的大量手工打磨，根据其预期用途，用新的程序取代初生智能的生物本能：例如，伴侣机器人可能会从给予他人快乐和情感满足中获得与享用一顿美餐相同的感受。A.I.-G 被编程为从帮助有机体中感受快乐，有些人将其描述为近乎性快感的刺激。这些过程的微调绝对至关重要，每个 A.I.-G 都必须被人工引导至预期的反应，因为一个小小的错误或疏忽就可能导致愤怒或厌恶的情绪意外产生。 |
| A.I.-Gs are perhaps the most expensive form of synthetic intelligences. The simulated mind of even an infant requires tremendous parallel processing power to ensure that the many parts of the young intelligences ‘brain’ are communicating. Further, each A.I.-G requires a great deal of hand-crafting by talented programmers who replace the burgeoning intelligence's biological imperatives with new ones according to its intended purpose: A companion droid, for instance, may get the same sensation from giving another person pleasure and emotional fulfilment as if they'd just enjoyed a good meal. A.I.-Gs are programmed to feel pleasure from helping organics, which some describe as a nearly sexual thrill. The fine-tuning of these processes is absolutely vital, and each A.I.-G must be hand-guided towards the desired responses, as a minor error or oversight could result in feelings of rage or loathing by mistake. | |
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| | 每个培育型人工智能都要经过一个加速学习程序，在数周或数月内将修改后的大脑扫描成长至成熟，最终形成与基础物种成年人一样成熟的心智。学习程序由一系列模板组合而成，与用于直接构建 A.I.-D 的模板并非完全不同，它引导程序在其预期领域达到绝对精通，并提供该类型所有智能共有的通用“经验”，帮助塑造它们将成为的那个人。完成后，程序员会对 A.I.-G 进行最后的调校，打磨掉任何粗糙之处，因为即使来自同一次大脑扫描、经历同一系列学习程序的多个智能，最终也会产生独特的差异。 |
| Each grown A.I. is taken through an accelerated learning program, which ages the modified brain scan to maturity in a matter of weeks or months, ending with a mind as mature as an adult of the base species. The learning program is assembled from a series of templates, not entirely dissimilar from those used to outright construct A.I.-Ds, guiding the program towards absolute expertise in its intended field, as well as providing general ‘experiences’ common to all intelligences of its type, which help to round out the person they will become. Once finished, the A.I.-G is given a final tuning pass by a programmer to smooth out any rough edges, as even several intelligences from the same brain scan and subjected to the same series of learning programs can end with unique variances.
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| | 培育型智能的存在也完全依赖于独特的硬件基础设施。复制或克隆成熟 A.I.-G 的尝试几乎总是灾难性的，常常以副本近乎发疯告终。将核心从一台机器转移到另一台机器并不难，但由于培育型智能的核心在许多方面类似于其宿主程序独有的神经网络，即使对人工智能核心进行微小的硬件更改或更换，也可能造成灾难性的功能损伤。小的核心升级可能需要 A.I.-G 花数月时间来适应；大的改动可能导致某些专家所称的“幻核综合征”永久困扰一个人工智能，就像人类的“幻肢”现象一样。 |
| Grown intelligences are also wholly dependent on unique hardware infrastructures to exist. Attempts to copy or clone fully developed A.I.-Gs are almost always disastrous, and often end with what amounts to insanity on the copy's part. Moving a core from machine to machine is easy enough, but because a grown intelligence's core is in many ways similar to a neural network unique to its host program, even minor hardware changes or replacements to an A.I. core can cause catastrophic debilitation. Small core upgrades can take months for an A.I.-G to adjust to; large alterations can cause what some experts call ‘phantom core syndrome’ to permanently afflict an A.I., much like the human phenomenon of ‘phantom limbs’.
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| | 不过，这并不是说神经网络无法改变。每个网络都有一定的可塑性，这使学习成为可能。当 A.I.-G 完成初始成长期时，网络的大部分已经相对固定——就像有机体的童年将个性与信念的某些部分固化一样；然而，网络的某些区域仍保持自由浮动，能够快速重新对齐，以容纳新记忆和新体验等变化，即时添加数据，并将这些新增内容加工成新的习得行为。A.I.-G 程序的某部分越“核心”，网络的该部分就越难以更改或修改。甚至可以说，某些智能在过了一段时间后会固守自己的方式。 |
| That is not to say a neural network cannot be changed, however. Every network has a certain amount of plasticity, which enables learning. By the time an A.I.-G has finished its initial growth period, much of the network is relatively fixed- much as an organic's childhood has cemented parts of his or her personality and beliefs in place; some areas of the network, however, are left free-floating, able to quickly realign to facilitate changes like new memories and experiences, to add data on the fly, and to process these additions into new learned behaviors. The more ‘core’ a part of an A.I.-G's programming is, the more difficult that part of the network is to change or modify. It could even be said that certain intelligences become stuck in their ways after a time.
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| | 培育型智能的制造过程相对较新，在某些圈子里非常具有争议。这在某种程度上可以理解：A.I.-G 基于活生生的（且未经同意的）生物，实际上是其原型经过修改的数字克隆，程度相当于同卵双胞胎。即使是差异化过程在某些方面也很麻烦，因为程序员必须以达成产品目标为明确目的来修改成长中的智能。有人说，从某种意义上讲，这就是洗脑。 |
| The process for creating grown intelligences is relatively new and, in some circles, very controversial. This is, to an extent, understandable: A.I.-Gs are based on living (and non-consenting) creatures, and are effectively modified digital clones of their base, in so far as an identical twin can be. Even the process of differentiation is in some ways troublesome, as a programmer must modify the growing intelligence with the express purpose of fulfilling a product goal. In a way, some say, this is brainwashing.
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| | 尽管争议缠身，A.I.-G 仍是许多社区备受喜爱的成员。在某些方面，它们是“人”——它们会建立友谊，会坠入爱河，甚至会像人一样面临存在主义危机。因此，培育型智能成功获得了一定程度的法律承认与保护。折磨和虐待培育型人工智能是严格违法的，在一些非常进步的世界，摧毁它们被视为谋杀。不过，由于培育型智能普遍友善且具有共情能力，这类指控很少见：有些人甚至认为它们比有机体更值得做朋友，甚至做恋人。 |
| Despite the controversy that surrounds them, A.I.-Gs are beloved parts of many communities. They are, in some ways, people -- they form friendships, can fall in love, and even face existential crisis in the same ways a person can. Consequently, grown intelligences have succeeded in gaining some measure of legal recognition and protection. Torture and abuse of a grown A.I. is strictly illegal, and on some very progressive worlds their destruction is considered murder. Such charges are rare, however, thanks to the general friendliness and empathic ability of grown intelligences: some even consider them better friends, and even lovers, than organics.
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| | 然而，无论人工智能多么杰出或可爱，它们也有一些缺点。培育型智能每一个都是独一无二的个体标本：同一次大脑扫描的每个实例在产品发布时都会产生一个原创生物；设计型智能虽然在发布时与姐妹程序基本相同（如果不是完全一致的话），也会迅速积累独特的经验和怪癖，随着时间的推移，最终形成容易与兄弟程序区分开来的个体。没有两个人工智能会长久相同，因为在成长和生命周期中，它们会吸收不同的刺激、做出不同的反应、学到不同的东西。 |
| There are some downsides to artificial intelligences, however brilliant or lovable they may be. Grown intelligences are each unique and individual specimens: each instance of a given brain scan results in an original creature by the time of product launch; designed intelligences, while largely if not entirely identical to their sister programs at launch, will quickly accumulate unique experiences and quirks which over time will result in an individual easily differentiated from its sibling programs. No two A.I.s are long the same, since during their development and lifetime, they will absorb different stimuli, react differently, and learn different things.
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| | 这种独特性与硬件刚性的综合效应意味着每个人工智能都必须单独对待，也使维修或修改变得困难甚至不可能。彻底更换受损或毁坏的人工智能往往是必要的，因为创建智能备份或克隆的能力几乎不存在。充其量，一些人工智能只能创建自己的虚拟智能“幽灵”，不过是母程序的一缕影子，除了临时替代或扩展母程序的覆盖范围外几乎派不上什么用场。即使这种能力也受到母智能的能力与训练的极大限制，大多数人工智能只能永远困在同一副核心与躯壳中。 |
| The net effect of this uniqueness and rigidity of hardware means that every A.I. must be handled individually, and can make repair or modification difficult or impossible. Outright replacing a damaged or destroyed A.I. is often necessary, as the ability to create backups or clones of an intelligence is veritably impossible. At best, some A.I.s can create V.I. ghosts of themselves, mere shadows of the parent programming, good for little more than temporary replacement or extending the reach of the parent program. Even this ability is drastically limited by the parent intelligence's ability and training, and most A.I.s are simply stuck in the same core and body forever.
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| [[Category: Codices ]] | | [[Category: Codices ]] |
| [[Category:Pre-Java Script conversion]] | | [[Category:Pre-Java Script conversion]] |
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